Dapatkah Kalsium Menurunkan Daya Racun Amonia ?

Referensi :

Borgmann, U. and Borgmann, A.I. 1997. Control of Ammonia Toxicity to Hyalella azteca by Sodium, Potassium and pH. Environmental Pollution, vol. 95, no. 3, pp. 325-331.

MacIntyre, C.M., Ellis, T., North, B.P. and Turnbull, J.F. 2008. The Influences of Water Quality on The Welfare of Farmed Rainbow Trout : A Review in Branson, E.J. (Ed.). 2008. Fish Welfare. John Wiley and Sons. 300 pp.

Sink, T. D. 2010, Influence of pH, Salinity, Calcium, and Ammonia Source on Acute Ammonia Toxicity to Golden Shiners, Notemigonus crysoleucas. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, vol. 41, pp. 411–420

Soderberg, R.W. and Meade, J.W. 1992. Effects of Sodium and Calcium on Acute Toxicity of Un-ionized Ammonia to Atlantic Salmon and Lake Trout. Journal of Applied Aquaculture, Vol. 1, no. 4, p. 83

Weirich, C.R., Tomasso, J.R. and Smith, T.I.J. 1993. Toxicity of Ammonia and Nitrite to Sunshine Bass in Selected Environments. Journal of Aquaculture and Animal Health, Vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 64 – 72

Wicks, B. J., Joensen, R., Tang, Q. and Randall, D.J. 2002. Swimming and Ammonia Toxicity in Salmonids: The Effect of Sub Lethal Ammonia Exposure on The Swimming Performance of Coho Salmon and The Acute Toxicity of Ammonia in Swimming and Resting Rainbow Trout. Aquatic Toxicology, vol. 59, pp. 55-69

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