Dampak Negatif Amonia Tak Terionisasi Bagi Ikan

Referensi :

Abdelaziz, M.A. and Zaki, M.M. 2010. Investigation of Mass Mortality Problem of Oreochromis niloticus in Mariotia Channel in Egypt. World Journal of Fish and Marine Sciences, Vol. 2, no. 5, pp. 461-470

Boyd, C.E. 1982. Water quality management for pond fish culture. Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company. Amsterdam. 318 pp.

Boyd, C.E. 1999. Water Quality: An Introduction. The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers Group.

Guerin-Ancey, O. 1976. Experimental Study of The Nitrogen Excretion of Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) during growth. III. Effects of Water Volume and Initial Ammonia Concentration on The Excretion of Ammonia and Urea. Aquaculture, Vol. 9, pp. 253-258

Kovalenko, V.F. and Kotsar, N.I. 1992. Effects on Gas Metabolism of Carp Produced by Their Own Exometabolism at Various Water Temperatures. Hydrobiol. Journal, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp. 53 - 56

Lloyd, R. and Orr, D. 1969. The Diuretic Response by Rainbow Trout to Sub-lethal Concentrations of Ammonia. Water Research, Vol. 3, pp. 335-344.

Olson, K.R. and Fromm, P.O. 1971. Excretion of Urea by Two Teleosts Exposed to Different Concentrations of Ambient Ammonia. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Vol. 40 A, pp. 999-1007

Smith, L.S. 1982. Introduction to Fish Physiology. TFH Publication, Inc. Hong Kong. 352 pp.

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